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| Congenital Bilateral Hydronephrosis Congenital obstructive nephropathy is one of the major causes of renal failure in children and infants. Very little is understood regarding the genetic underpinnings of these abnormalities. Hydronephrosis is the end result of a variety of obstructive phenomena that occur within the Genitourinary (GU) tract. Uretero Pelvic Junction Obstruction (UPJO) along with Uretero Vesico Junction Obstruction (UVJO), posterior urethral valves, cloacal anomalies, urethral atresia and cystic renal disease represent the most commonly detected GU obstructing lesions leading to hydronephrosis. These "obstructive uropathy" lesions may be unilateral or bilateral. Obstructive uropathy is frequently found on prenatal ultrasounds with an estimated incidence of 1 in 500 fetuses imaged.
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